In February of 2008, The NRDC began a cross-disciplinary, multi-party research investigation to evaluate and assess the risk management for human health concerns stemming from industrial lead pollution. Working with Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, and Tongji School of Medicine at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Tongji), NRDC partnered with two local government agencies, the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan CDC) and the Yunnan Provincial Environmental Monitoring Central Station (Yunnan EMCS), to carry out investigations in a lead-zinc mining/smelting region of Yunnan Province. The site chosen was a county area in Yunnan Province. The investigations involved multiple site visits and multifaceted analysis following Figure I below. In total, the field investigations lasted two and a half years and provided substantial data analyzing the gaps in China’s regulatory framework to prevent risk to human health from industrial lead pollution. Suggestions for framework improvements are also provided.