The judiciary plays an important role in achieving the “dual carbon” goals, especially when climate law is not in place. Therefore, NRDC co-organized a high-level seminar on "Judicial Responses to Climate Change" with the environmental law team of the China Society for Environmental Sciences and China University of Political Science and Law on June 10. The seminar participants include senior officials from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), the Supreme People's Court (SPC), the Supreme People's Procuratorate, local courts, as well as researchers and lawyers. A senior judge from SPC introduced “SPC Sample Cases” to provide reference for local courts to trial cases related to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. After that, the participants discussed the new issues and trends of climate and carbon related cases from the perspective of judicial practices, legal services, energy transition, and legislative responses. The new climate and carbon cases pose challenges to judges in in establishing causation and damage assessment. And there is a lack of clear rules regarding carbon equities. The participants called for the capacity building and guidelines to reinforce judiciary to achieve the “dual carbon” goals.